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The Science

Scientific References

Selected peer-reviewed research on the seven active ingredients in VapoFil. All citations point to publicly indexed studies you can verify on PubMed.

The following references are provided for educational and transparency purposes. These studies examine the individual ingredients in VapoFil, not the finished VapoFil product. The presence of an ingredient in this formula does not mean the product will replicate the specific outcomes reported in any cited study. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting any new supplement.

Tongkat Ali Eurycoma longifolia

Tongkat Ali is one of the most clinically studied botanicals for male hormonal health, particularly in men experiencing age-related testosterone decline.

  1. Talbott SM, Talbott JA, George A, Pugh M. Effect of Tongkat Ali on stress hormones and psychological mood state in moderately stressed subjects. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2013;10(1):28. Available at: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  2. Henkel RR, Wang R, Bassett SH, Chen T, Liu N, Zhu Y, Tambi MI. Tongkat Ali as a potential herbal supplement for physically active male and female seniors — a pilot study. Phytotherapy Research. 2014;28(4):544-550.
  3. Tambi MI, Imran MK, Henkel RR. Standardised water-soluble extract of Eurycoma longifolia, Tongkat ali, as testosterone booster for managing men with late-onset hypogonadism. Andrologia. 2012;44 Suppl 1:226-230.
  4. Ismail SB, Wan Mohammad WMZ, George A, Nik Hussain NH, Musthapa Kamal ZM, Liske E. Randomized clinical trial on the use of Physta freeze-dried water extract of Eurycoma longifolia for the improvement of quality of life and sexual well-being in men. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2012;429268.

Horny Goat Weed Epimedium · Icariin

The active flavonoid in horny goat weed, icariin, has been studied for its effects on nitric oxide release, circulation, and bone health.

  1. Shindel AW, Xin ZC, Lin G, Fandel TM, Huang YC, Banie L, Breyer BN, Garcia MM, Lin CS, Lue TF. Erectogenic and neurotrophic effects of icariin, a purified extract of horny goat weed (Epimedium spp.) in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2010;7(4 Pt 1):1518-1528.
  2. Zhang ZB, Yang QT. The testosterone mimetic properties of icariin. Asian Journal of Andrology. 2006;8(5):601-605.
  3. Liu WJ, Xin ZC, Xin H, Yuan YM, Tian L, Guo YL. Effects of icariin on erectile function and expression of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in castrated rats. Asian Journal of Andrology. 2005;7(4):381-388.

Saw Palmetto Serenoa repens

One of the most extensively researched botanicals for prostate health and DHT modulation in middle-aged and older men.

  1. Wilt T, Ishani A, Mac Donald R. Serenoa repens for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2002;(3):CD001423.
  2. Marks LS, Partin AW, Epstein JI, Tyler VE, Simon I, Macairan ML, Chan TL, Dorey FJ, Garris JB, Veltri RW, Santos PB, Stonebrook KA, deKernion JB. Effects of a saw palmetto herbal blend in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Journal of Urology. 2000;163(5):1451-1456.
  3. Suzuki M, Ito Y, Fujino T, Abe M, Umegaki K, Onoue S, Noguchi H, Yamada S. Pharmacological effects of saw palmetto extract in the lower urinary tract. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. 2009;30(3):271-281.

Wild Yam Dioscorea villosa

Wild yam contains steroidal saponins (notably diosgenin) used historically as a precursor in hormonal preparations and as a traditional male tonic.

  1. Chen Y, Tang J, Wang X, Sun F, Liang S. An anti-androgenic activity of diosgenin and its derivative from Dioscorea villosa. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2012;141(3):1041-1046.
  2. Park MK, Kwon HY, Ahn WS, Bae S, Rhyu MR, Lee Y. Estrogen activities and the cellular effects of natural progesterone from wild yam extract in mcf-7 human breast cancer cells. American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 2009;37(1):159-167.

Sarsaparilla Smilax officinalis

Sarsaparilla root contains saponins traditionally used as a male tonic, blood purifier, and support for energy and endurance.

  1. Cox SD, Jayasinghe KC, Markham JL. Antioxidant activity in Australian native sarsaparilla (Smilax glyciphylla). Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2005;101(1-3):162-168.
  2. Ageel AM, Mossa JS, Tariq M, Al-Yahya MA, Al-Said MS. Plants used in Saudi folk medicine — pharmacological investigations of Smilax glabra. Plant Medica. 1989;55(3):232-235.

Nettle Leaf Urtica dioica

Compounds in nettle leaf have been studied for SHBG binding modulation and their cooperative role in prostate health protocols.

  1. Schöttner M, Gansser D, Spiteller G. Lignans from the roots of Urtica dioica and their metabolites bind to human sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Planta Medica. 1997;63(6):529-532.
  2. Lopatkin N, Sivkov A, Walther C, Schläfke S, Medvedev A, Avdeichuk J, Golubev G, Melnik K, Elenberger N, Engelmann U. Long-term efficacy and safety of a combination of sabal and urtica extract for lower urinary tract symptoms. World Journal of Urology. 2005;23(2):139-146.
  3. Safarinejad MR. Urtica dioica for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy. 2005;5(4):1-11.

Boron Mineral · Amino Acid Chelate

Boron is a trace mineral with documented effects on free testosterone, estradiol metabolism, and inflammatory markers.

  1. Naghii MR, Mofid M, Asgari AR, Hedayati M, Daneshpour MS. Comparative effects of daily and weekly boron supplementation on plasma steroid hormones and proinflammatory cytokines. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. 2011;25(1):54-58.
  2. Pizzorno L. Nothing boring about boron. Integrative Medicine (Encinitas). 2015;14(4):35-48.
  3. Nielsen FH. Update on human health effects of boron. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. 2014;28(4):383-387.

How to Verify These References

You can verify any of the references on this page by:

  1. Visiting pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  2. Searching the author's last name and the year of publication
  3. Reading the full abstract or accessing the full paper

Scientific research is an ongoing process. New studies continually refine what we understand about each of these ingredients. References on this page were selected to represent the current general scientific perspective and are not exhaustive.

The Right Doses Of The Right Ingredients

VapoFil is built on the published research behind each of these ingredients. Real doses, listed openly on the supplement facts panel.

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